AcEPT UGM: Grammar & Structure Practice
Directions: Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Not until the research committee had thoroughly vetted the proposal ________ a final decision on the grant funding.
(A) they reached
(B) did they reach
(C) had they reached
(D) they had reachedIt is imperative that the lead architect ________ the structural integrity of the bridge before the construction phase begins.
(A) examines
(B) must examine
(C) examined
(D) examineThe manuscript, ________ by several prominent historians, provides a radical new interpretation of the treaty’s origins.
(A) endorsed
(B) endorsing
(C) was endorsed
(D) having endorsed________ the geological data been interpreted correctly, the mining team would have avoided the catastrophic landslide.
(A) If
(B) Were
(C) Had
(D) ShouldThe carbon footprint of a typical urban household is significantly higher than ________ of a rural one.
(A) those
(B) that
(C) which
(D) whatScarcely ________ the podium to deliver his speech when a sudden power outage plunged the hall into darkness.
(A) had the diplomat approached
(B) the diplomat had approached
(C) did the diplomat approach
(D) the diplomat approachedThe board of trustees requested that the university ________ the tuition increase until the next academic year.
(A) postpones
(B) will postpone
(C) is postponing
(D) postpone________ the extreme volatility of the cryptocurrency market, many institutional investors remain hesitant to commit large capital.
(A) Because
(B) Although
(C) Notwithstanding
(D) Provided thatEach of the participants in the clinical trial ________ to undergo a series of comprehensive psychological evaluations.
(A) are required
(B) is required
(C) require
(D) have been requiredBy the time the international summit concludes on Friday, the delegates ________ a preliminary agreement on maritime borders.
(A) will sign
(B) sign
(C) signed
(D) will have signed
Analisis & Kunci Jawaban
Berikut adalah kunci jawabannya (B-D-A-C-B-A-D-C-B-D):
- (B) did they reach – Negative Inversion. Kalimat yang dimulai dengan "Not until" mengharuskan urutan kata bantu (did) sebelum subjek (they).
- (D) examine – Subjunctive Mood. Setelah ekspresi "It is imperative that", kata kerja yang digunakan harus bentuk dasar (base form) tanpa tambahan "s" atau "must".
- (A) endorsed – Reduced Passive Relative Clause. Bentuk asalnya adalah "which was endorsed". Karena pasif, kita menggunakan Verb-3 (Past Participle).
- (C) Had – Conditional Inversion (Type 3). Menghilangkan kata "If" dengan memajukan "Had" ke depan subjek.
- (B) that – Comparison Logic. "That" digunakan untuk merujuk kembali pada kata benda tunggal (The carbon footprint) guna menghindari pengulangan.
- (A) had the diplomat approached – Inversion with Negative Adverbs. Kata "Scarcely" di awal kalimat memaksa terjadinya inversi (had sebelum subjek).
- (D) postpone – Subjunctive Mood. Mirip dengan nomor 2, kata kerja "request" diikuti oleh "that" mengharuskan penggunaan base form.
- (C) Notwithstanding – Complex Preposition. Berarti "meskipun" atau "in spite of". Digunakan karena diikuti oleh frase kata benda (the extreme volatility), bukan klausa.
- (B) is required – Subject-Verb Agreement. Subjek kalimat ini adalah "Each", yang selalu dianggap tunggal, sehingga membutuhkan kata kerja tunggal (is).
- (D) will have signed – Future Perfect. Penggunaan "By the time" untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang akan sudah selesai dilakukan di masa depan sebelum titik waktu tertentu.
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